I come to the study of note taking from the a cognitive perspective on learning. This leads me to attempt to think through what the benefit of a note-taking strategy might be. Where are the external actions that encourage productive cognitive activities? Summarization is a component with proven independent benefits likely resulting from some type of personalization relying on existing knowledge. The secondary processing moving key elements from the note-taking panel to what some call the cue panel as core ideas, questions, etc. could encourage several different internal behaviors depending on when such actions occur. Retrieval practice if delayed. etc. I think it also important what cognitive activities are not happening without the external activities and what the target behavior is. Many activities can be busy work if active thinking is already happening. Test prep is very different from the type of long term goals I see in professional note.